Q. 1: What is Automation Object Model in QTP?
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Like we use QTP for automating the testing of our applications, we can use the automation object model of QTP to automate its own operations as well. With the help of objects, methods, and properties exposed by the automation object model of QTP along with standard programming elements like loops and conditional statements, we can write programs which can configure QTP options and run tests or components instead of performing these operations manually using the QTP interface.
Automation programs are especially useful for performing the same tasks several times or on multiple tests or components, or quickly configuring QTP according to the needs for a particular environment or application.
Most of the dialog boxes in QTP have a corresponding automation object. Most of the options in dialog boxes can be set retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most of the menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods.
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Q. 2: What is a Recovery Scenario?
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Recovery scenario gives you an option to take some action for recovering from a fatal error in the test. Such problems are quite frequent especially when the tests are made to run unattended. In such a case the test process halts until the user perform some desired recovery operation.
Recovery scenarios are useful when it is difficult to predict at which step the errors can come or when we are confident that the error will not come in the QTP script, whereas it can be anywhere outside the QTP Script. For illustration; Pop-up message of "out of paper", as caused by the printer device driver. "On error resume next" is preferred when we sure that the error is expected one and wish to perform some other actions.
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Q. 3: What is Smart Identification in QTP?
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QTP has a unique feature by the name Smart Object Identification or recognition which is used for identifying the objects smartly, whenever the normal identification fails due to the dynamic changes in the properties of the objects.
Smart Identification is nothing but an algorithm used by the QTP when it is not able to recognize an object.
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Q. 4: How QTP identifies various Objects?
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During recording QTP identifies various objects and stores them as test objects. For each test object QTP learns a set of default properties called mandatory properties. Simultaneously QTP looks at rest of the objects to check whether these properties are sufficient to uniquely identify the object or not. During the test run, QTP searches for the run time objects, which match with the test objects which, have been captured by it during recording.
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Q. 5: What are Object Repositories in QTP?
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When planning and creation of tests is done, we firstly consider how we would like to store the objects in our tests. In QTP, the test objects can be stored in two types of object repositories
a) Shared object repository: It stores test objects in a file that can be accessed by multiple tests (in read-only mode). If someone is new to QTP, he can prefer to use local object repositories. This way he can record and run the tests without creating, choosing, or modifying shared object repositories because all objects are automatically getting saved in a local object repository which can be accessed by its corresponding action.
b) Local object repository: It stores objects in a file that is associated with one specific action, so that only that action can access the stored objects. If someone is familiar with QTP testing, he can find that it is quite efficient to save the objects in a shared object repository. This way, he can use the same shared object repository for multiple actions - if the actions include the same objects. Test object information that applies to many actions is kept in one centralized location. When the objects in the application change, we can update them in one location for all the actions that use this shared object repository.
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Q. 6: How QTP recognizes objects in Object Repositories?
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Object Repository displays a tree of all the objects in the current component or in the current action or in the entire test , depending on the object repository mode selected by the user. We can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository.
QTP remembers the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not found enough it automatically adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it successfully compiles the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordinal identifier such as object location on the page or in the source code.
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Q. 7: How many types of Actions are there in QTP?
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QTP uses following three kinds of actions:
a) Non-reusable action - can be called only in the test with which it is stored, and can be called only once.
b) Reusable action - can be called multiple times by the test with which it is stored (the local test) as well as by other tests.
c) External action - is a reusable action which is stored with another test. External actions are read-only in the calling test, but we can choose to use a local, editable copy of the Data Table information for the external action.
By default, all new actions are non-reusable. We can mark every action created by us in the test as reusable or non-reusable.
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Q. 8: Is there any built-in function for scripting in QTP?
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QTP uses an in-built functionality called "Step Generator" to create scripts while appropriate steps are entered into it. Step Generator utility enables us to add steps by selecting from a range of context-sensitive options and entering the required values.
You can open the Step Generator from the Keyword View or Expert View while recording or editing your test. You can also open the Step Generator from the Active Screen while editing.
Method to open the Step Generator from a function library is as under
a) In the function library, click the location in which you want to insert the new step.
b) Choose Insert > Step Generator, or right-click and choose Step Generator. Alternatively, press F7.
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Q. 9: What is a Run-Time Data Table in QTP?
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During the run session, QTP creates a Runtime Data Table, which is live version of the Data Table associated with our test. During the run session, QTP displays the run-time data in the Data Table pane so that we can see the changes taking place in the Data Table.
When the run session ends, the Runtime Data Table closes, and the Data Table pane again displays the stored design-time Data Table. Data entered in the run-time Data Table during the run session does not get saved along with the test. The final data from the run-time Data Table gets displayed in the Run-Time Data Table in the Test Results window.
Runtime Data Table is an excel file, which gets stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default.
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Q. 10: What is the Object Spy feature in QTP?
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Using the Object Spy pointing hand mechanism, you can view the supported properties and methods of any object in an open application. As you move the pointing hand over the objects in the application, their details are displayed in the Object Spy. These details may include the test object's hierarchy tree, its properties and values, and the methods associated with the object. For methods, the syntax is also displayed.
